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Program Information

Connecting Radiation Physics with Computational Biology


J Schuemann

R Stewart

S McMahon




J Schuemann1*, R Stewart2*, S McMahon3*, (1) Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, (2) University of Washington, Seattle, WA, (3) Brookline, MA

Presentations

10:15 AM : Connecting nanoscale physics to initial DNA damage through track structure simulations - J Schuemann, Presenting Author
10:55 AM : Are track structure simulations truly needed for radiobiology at the cellular and tissue levels? - R Stewart, Presenting Author
11:35 AM : Modeling of biological processes - what happens after early molecular damage? - S McMahon, Presenting Author

WE-DE-202-0 (Wednesday, August 3, 2016) 10:15 AM - 12:15 PM Room: 202


Radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer has been established as a highly precise and effective way to eradicate a localized region of diseased tissue. To achieve further significant gains in the therapeutic ratio, we need to move towards biologically optimized treatment planning. To achieve this goal, we need to understand how the radiation-type dependent patterns of induced energy depositions within the cell (physics) connect via molecular, cellular and tissue reactions to treatment outcome such as tumor control and undesirable effects on normal tissue.
Several computational biology approaches have been developed connecting physics to biology. Monte Carlo simulations are the most accurate method to calculate physical dose distributions at the nanometer scale, however simulations at the DNA scale are slow and repair processes are generally not simulated. Alternative models that rely on the random formation of individual DNA lesions within one or two turns of the DNA have been shown to reproduce the clusters of DNA lesions, including single strand breaks (SSBs), double strand breaks (DSBs) without the need for detailed track structure simulations. Efficient computational simulations of initial DNA damage induction facilitate computational modeling of DNA repair and other molecular and cellular processes. Mechanistic, multiscale models provide a useful conceptual framework to test biological hypotheses and help connect fundamental information about track structure and dosimetry at the sub-cellular level to dose-response effects on larger scales.
In this symposium we will learn about the current state of the art of computational approaches estimating radiation damage at the cellular and sub-cellular scale. How can understanding the physics interactions at the DNA level be used to predict biological outcome? We will discuss if and how such calculations are relevant to advance our understanding of radiation damage and its repair, or, if the underlying biological processes are too complex for a mechanistic approach. Can computer simulations be used to guide future biological research? We will debate the feasibility of explaining biology from a physicists’ perspective.

Learning objectives:
1. Understand the potential applications and limitations of computational methods for dose-response modeling at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels
2. Learn about mechanism of action underlying the induction, repair and biological processing of damage to DNA and other constituents
3. Understand how effects and processes at one biological scale impact on biological processes and outcomes on other scales


Funding Support, Disclosures, and Conflict of Interest: J. Schuemann, NCI/NIH grantsS. McMahon, Funding: European Commission FP7 (grant EC FP7 MC-IOF-623630)

Handouts


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