| Question 1: What is the magnitude of positioning error when obese prostate patients are treated without IGRT? |
| Reference: | •James R. Wong, Zhanrong Gao, et al. “Potential for higher treatment failure in obese patients: correlation of elevated body mass index and increased daily prostate deviations from the radiation beam isocenters in an analysis of 1,465 computed tomographic images”, IJROBP 75(1); 49-55 (2009)
•Millender LE, Aubin M. et. al. “Daily electronic portal imaging for morbidly obese men undergoing radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer”, IJROBP 59; 6-10 (2004)
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| Choice A: | Greatest in L/R and can be >10mm. |
| Choice B: | Greatest in A/P and can be >10mm . |
| Choice C: | Greatest in I/S and can be >7mm . |
| Choice D: | Equal in all three dimensions and can be >10mm. |
| Question 2: Intra- fraction and inter-fraction motion of DIBH liver motions were observed to be up to: |
| Reference: | •Dawson, LA, Brock,KK et. al. “The reproducibility of organ position using active breathing control (ABC) during liver radiotherapy”, IJROBP 51; 1410-21 (2001)
•Eccles, C, Brock, KK et. al., “Reproducibility of liver position using active breathing coordinator for liver cancer radiotherapy”, IJROBP 64; 751-59 (2006)
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| Choice A: | 4.4mm; 2.5 mm. |
| Choice B: | 2.5 mm; 4.4mm. |
| Choice C: | 2.5 mm; 2.5mm. |
| Choice D: | 4.4 mm; 4.4mm. |
| Question 3: During the treatment of spine metastases, the translational and rotational components of clinically observed set-up errors increased D5 _cord by an average of: |
| Reference: | Guckenberger, M, Meyer, J, et al. “ Radiotherapy and Oncology 84; 56-63 (2007) |
| Choice A: | 8±4%, and 8±4%. |
| Choice B: | 10±5%, and 5±3%. |
| Choice C: | 23±14%, and 3±2%. |
| Choice D: | 3±2%, and 23±14%. |
| Question 4: The well-known van Herk margin formula was designed to meet what criteria? |
| Reference: | •Van Herk, M., P. Remeijer, C. Rasch and J. V. Lebesque. “The probability of correct target dosage: Dose-population histograms for deriving treatment margins in radiotherapy.” Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 47:1121-1135 (2000) |
| Choice A: | 99% of the CTV receives dose of at least 95%. |
| Choice B: | 90% of patients receive minimum CTV dose of 95%10±5%, and 5±3%. |
| Choice C: | 100% of patients receive minimum CTV dose of 95%. |
| Choice D: | 99% of patients receive minimum CTV dose of 99% . |
| Question 5: Which of the following should be taken into consideration when determining the planning margin? |
| Reference: | Khan, F.M., Treatment planning in radiation oncology. 2nd ed., Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (2007) |
| Choice A: | Imaging modality. |
| Choice B: | Immobilization. |
| Choice C: | Time of treatment. |
| Choice D: | Disease site. |
| Choice E: | All of the above. |
| Question 6: List the setup techniques from the smallest to largest margin needed for prostate planning. |
| Reference: | Beltran, C., M. G. Herman and B. J. Davis. “Planning target margin calculations for prostate radiotherapy based on intrafraction and interfraction motion using four localization methods.” Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 70(1): 289-295 (2008)
Litzenberg, D. W., J. M. Balter, S. W. Hadley, H. M. Sandler, T. R. Willoughby, P. A. Kupelian and L. Levine. "Influence of intrafraction motion on margins for prostate radiotherapy." Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 65(2): 548-553 (2006)
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| Choice A: | Bony alignment, skin marks, Calypso tracking, pretreatment gold marker alignment. |
| Choice B: | Skin marks, bony alignment, pretreatment gold marker alignment, Calypso tracking . |
| Choice C: | Skin marks, pretreatment gold marker alignment, bony alignment, Calypso tracking. |
