Question 1: Which is the main contributor to the MR image distortion field for RT applications? |
Reference: | Doran et al, Phys Med Biol 50, 1343–1361, 2005 |
Choice A: | MR main field (B0) inhomogeneity. |
Choice B: | Chemical shift. |
Choice C: | Tissue susceptibility. |
Choice D: | Imaging gradient non-linearity. |
Choice E: | Motion. |
Question 2: For MR-guided RT systems, which MR-related test is new and has to be added to the QC routine? |
Reference: | Lagendijk et al, Phys Med Biol 59, R349-R369, 2014 |
Choice A: | Magnetic field drift. |
Choice B: | Imaging-to-treatment isocenter co-registration. |
Choice C: | Center frequency. |
Choice D: | Image uniformity. |
Choice E: | Ghosting. |
Question 3: Based on FMEA analysis, the following component of the real-time, online adaptive radiotherapy process carries the most potential critical failure risk:
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Reference: | Noel, Camille E., et al. "Process-based quality management for clinical implementation of adaptive radiotherapy." Medical physics 41.8 (2014): 081717. |
Choice A: | Target/structure delineation. |
Choice B: | Data transfer. |
Choice C: | Daily patient localization. |
Choice D: | Pre-treatment patient-specific quality assurance. |
Question 4: Pre-treatment IMRT QA is the most effective method of quality control for radiotherapy and is therefore a limiting factor in choosing ART strategies.
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Reference: | Ford, Eric C., et al. "Quality control quantification (QCQ): a tool to measure the value of quality control checks in radiation oncology." International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics 84.3 (2012): e263-e269 |
Choice A: | True. |
Choice B: | False. |
Question 5: In Body MRI used in radiation oncology, which of the following is correct?
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Reference: | A. Zhuo J, Gullapalli RP: MR Artifacts, Safety, and Quality Control. RadioGraphics 2006, 26:275-297 http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.261055134
B. Schmidt M, Panek R, Scurr E, et al: Anatomical and Functional MRI for Radiotherapy Planning of Head and Neck Cancers. MAGNETOM Flash 2015: 64-68; www.siemens.com/magnetom-world
C. Bonekamp D, Jacobs MA, et al: Advancements in MRI of the Prostate. Radiographics. 2011; 31: 677–703
http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4903262
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Choice A: | In abdominal MRI, the body motion artifacts can be drastically reduced using breath-hold or respiratory-ordered phase encoding techniques. |
Choice B: | For MRI used for treatment planning, a head and neck cancer patient shall be scanned in diagnostic position and centered at the superior end of the segment. |
Choice C: | Common MRI sequences used for prostate cancer include T2WI, DWI-ADC (diffusion weighted, apparent diffusion coefficient), and DCE-MRI (dynamic contract-enhanced). |
Choice D: | Both A and C. |
Choice E: | All of the above. |
Question 6: If the metal immobilization pins are used during MR head scan, which the following may show the greatest geometric distortion:
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Reference: | H. Nakazawa, Y. Mori, O. Yamamuro, et al: "Geometric accuracy of 3D coordinates of the Leksell stereotactic skull frame in 1.5 Tesla- and 3.0 Tesla-magnetic resonance imaging: a comparison of three different fixation screw materials" J Radiat Res. 2014 November; 55(6): 1184–1191. Published online 2014 July 17. doi: 10.1093/jrr/rru064
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Choice A: | Tungsten in 1.5-T MRI |
Choice B: | Aluminum in 1.5-T MRI |
Choice C: | Titanium in 1.5-T MRI |
Choice D: | Titanium in 3.0-T MRI |
Choice E: | Aluminum in 3.0-T MRI |